Eurasia As We (and the U.S.) Knew It Is Dead
By Pepe Escobar
April 20, 2015 "ICH" - "Asia
Times" - Move over, Cold War 2.0. The real
story, now and for the foreseeable future, in its myriad declinations, and of
course, ruling out too many bumps in the road, is a new, integrated Eurasia
forging ahead.China’s immensely ambitious New Silk Road
project will keep intersecting with the Russia-led Eurasia Economic Union (EEC).
And that will be the day when the EU wakes up and finds a booming trade/commerce
axis stretching from St. Petersburg to Shanghai. It’s always pertinent to
remember that Vladimir Putin sold a similar, and even more encompassing, vision
in Germany a few years ago – stretching from Lisbon to Vladivostok.
It will take time – and troubled times. But Eurasia’s radical
face lift is inexorable. This implies an exceptionalist dream – the U.S. as
Eurasia hegemon, something that still looked feasible at the turn of the
millennium – fast dissolving right before anyone’s eyes.
Russia pivots East, China pivots West
A few sound minds in the U.S. remain essential as they fully
deconstruct the negatives, pointing to the
dangers
of Cold War 2.0. The Carnegie Moscow Center’s Dmitri Trenin, meanwhile, is more
concerned with the
positives, proposing a road map for Eurasian convergence.
The Russia-China strategic partnership – from energy trade to
defense and infrastructure development – will only solidify, as Russia pivots
East and China pivots West. Geopolitically, this does not mean a Moscow
subordinated to Beijing, but a rising symbiotic relationship, painstakingly
developed in multiple stages.
The BRICs – that dirty word in Washington – already have way
more global appeal, and as much influence as the outdated G-7. The BRIC New
Development Bank, ready to start before the end of 2015, is a key alternative to
G7-controlled mechanisms and the IMF.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is bound to
include India and Pakistan at their upcoming summer summit in Russia, and Iran’s
inclusion, post-sanctions as an official member, would be virtually a done deal
by 2016. The SCO is finally blossoming as the key development,
political/economic cooperation and security forum across Asia.
Putin’s “greater Europe” from Lisbon to Vladivostok – which
would mean the EU + EEC – may be on hold while China turbo-charges the its New
Silk Road in both its overland and maritime routes. Meanwhile, the Kremlin will
concentrate on a parallel strategy – to use East Asian capital and technology to
develop Siberia and the Russian Far East. The yuan is bound to become a reserve
currency across Eurasia in the very near future, as the ruble and the yuan are
about to rule for good in bilateral trade.
The German factor
“Greater Europe” from Lisbon to Vladivostok inevitably depends
on a solution to the German puzzle. German industrialists clearly see the
marvels of Russia providing Germany – much more than the EU as a whole – with a
privileged geopolitical and strategic channel to Asia-Pacific. However, the same
does not apply as yet to German politicos. Chancellor Angela Merkel, whatever
her rhetoric, keeps toeing the Washington line.
The Russian Pipelineistan strategy was already in place – via
Nord Stream and South Stream – when interminable EU U-turns led Moscow to cancel
South Stream and launch Turk Stream (which will, in the end, increase energy
costs for the EU). The EU, in exchange, would have virtually free access to
Russia’s wealth of resources, and internal market. The Ukraine disaster means
the end of all these elaborate plans.
Germany is already the defacto EU conductor for this economic
express train. As an export powerhouse, its only way to go is not West or South,
but East. Thus, the portentous spectacle of an orchestra of salivating
industrialists when Xi Jinping went to Germany in the spring of 2104. Xi
proposed no less than a high-speed rail line linking the New Silk Road from
Shanghai to Duisburg and Berlin.
A key point which shouldn’t be lost on Germans: a vital branch
of the New Silk Road is the Trans-Siberian high-speed rail remix. So one of the
yellow BRIC roads to Beijing and Shanghai boasts Moscow as a strategic pit stop.
That Empire of Chaos …
Beijing’s Go West strategy overland is blissfully free of
hyperpower meddling – from the Trans-Siberian remix to the rail/road routes
across the Central Asian “stans” all the way to Iran and Turkey. Moreover,
Russia sees it as a symbiosis, considering a win-win as Central Asian stans jump
simultaneously aboard the EEU and what Beijing dubs the Silk Road Economic Belt.
On other fronts, meanwhile, Beijing is very careful to not
antagonize the U.S., the reigning hyperpower. See for instance this quite frank
but also quite diplomatic interview to the Financial Times by Chinese Prime
Minister
Li Keqiang.
One key aspect of the Russia-China strategic partnership is
that both identify Washington’s massively incoherent foreign policy as a prime
breeder of chaos – exactly as I argue in my book
Empire of Chaos.
In what applies specifically to China and Russia, it’s
essentially chaos as in divide and rule. Beijing sees Washington trying to
destabilize China’s periphery (Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang), and actively
interfering in the South China Sea disputes. Moscow sees Washington obsessed
with the infinite expansion of NATO and taking no prisoners in preventing
Russia’s efforts at Eurasian integration.
Thus, the certified death of Russia’s previous geopolitical
strategy. No more trying to feel included in an elite Western club such as the
G-8. No more strategic partnership with NATO.
Always expert at planning well in advance, Beijing also sees
how Washington’s relentless demonization of not only Putin, but Russia as a
whole (as in submit or else), constitute a trial run on what might be applied
against China in the near future.
Meet the imponderables
All bets are off on how the fateful U.S.-China-Russia triangle
will evolve. Arguably, it may take the following pattern: The Americans talk
loud and carry an array of sticks; the Russians are not shy to talk back while
silently preparing strategically for a long, difficult haul; the Chinese follow
a modified “Little Helmsman” Deng Xiaoping doctrine – talk very diplomatically
while no longer keeping a low profile.
Beijing’s already savvy to what Moscow has been whispering:
Exceptionalist Washington – in decline or not – will never treat Beijing as an
equal or respect Chinese national interests.
In the great Imponderables chapter, bets are still accepted on
whether Moscow will use this serious, triple threat crisis – sanctions, oil
price war, ruble devaluation – to radically apply structural game changers and
launch a new strategy of economic development. Putin’s recent
Q&A,
although crammed with intriguing answers, still isn’t clear on this.
Other great imponderable is whether Xi, armed with soft power,
charisma and lots of cash, will be able to steer, simultaneously, the tweaking
of the economic model and a Go West avalanche that does not end up alienating
China’s multiple potential partners in building the New Silk roads.
A final, super-imponderable is whether (or when, if ever)
Brussels will decide to undertake a mutually agreed symbiosis with Russia. This,
vs. its current posture of total antagonism that extends beyond geopolitical
issues. Germany, under Merkel, seems to have made the choice to remain submitted
to NATO, and thus, a strategic midget.
So what we have here is the makings of a Greater Asia from
Shanghai to St. Petersburg – including, crucially, Tehran – instead of a Total
Eurasia that extends from Lisbon to Vladivostok. Total Eurasia may be broken, at
least for now. But Greater Asia is a go. There will be a tsunami of efforts by
the usual suspects, to also break it up.
All this will be fascinating to watch. How will Moscow and
Beijing stare down the West – politically, commercially and ideologically –
without risking a war? How will they cope with so much pressure? How will they
sell their strategy to great swathes of the
Global
South, across multiple Asian latitudes?
One battle, though, is already won. Bye, bye Zbigniew
Brzezinski. Your grand chessboard hegemonic dream is over.